常用的函数式接口
2143字约7分钟
Java
2024-11-30
java.util.function.Supplier<T> 接口仅包含一个无参的方法T get(),☞为获取一个泛型参数指定类型的对象数据，对应的Labmda表达式需要对外提供一个符合泛型类型的对象数据
package java.util.function;
/**
* Represents a supplier of results.
*
* <p>There is no requirement that a new or distinct result be returned each
* time the supplier is invoked.
*
* <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
* whose functional method is {@link #get()}.
*
* @param <T> the type of results supplied by this supplier
*
* @since 1.8
*/
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Supplier<T> {
/**
* Gets a result.
*
* @return a result
*/
T get();
}示例
/*
java.util.function.Supplier<T>接口仅包含一个无参的方法：T get()。用来获取一个泛型参数指定类型的对象数据。
Supplier<T>接口被称之为生产型接口,指定接口的泛型是什么类型,那么接口中的get方法就会生产什么类型的数据
*/
public class test {
//定义一个方法,方法的参数传递Supplier<T>接口,泛型执行String,get方法就会返回一个String
public static String getString(Supplier<String> sup){
return sup.get();
// 不要被sup.get()所迷惑，你试试return "hello world",也是可以的，不过我们要想拿到生产型接口的返回值，自然而然就是sup.get（）了，
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//调用getString方法,方法的参数Supplier是一个函数式接口,所以可以传递Lambda表达式
String s = getString(()->{
// 生成一个字符串并返回
return "hello world";
});
System.out.println(s);
//优化Lambda表达式
String s2 = getString(()->"I love china");
System.out.println(s2);
}
}Consumer 接口
java.util.function.Consumer<T> 接口则正好与Supplier接口相反，它不是生产一个数据，而是消费一个数据， 其数据类型由泛型决定。
package java.util.function;
import java.util.Objects;
/**
* Represents an operation that accepts a single input argument and returns no
* result. Unlike most other functional interfaces, {@code Consumer} is expected
* to operate via side-effects.
*
* <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
* whose functional method is {@link #accept(Object)}.
*
* @param <T> the type of the input to the operation
*
* @since 1.8
*/
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Consumer<T> {
/**
* Performs this operation on the given argument.
*
* @param t the input argument
*/
void accept(T t);
/**
* Returns a composed {@code Consumer} that performs, in sequence, this
* operation followed by the {@code after} operation. If performing either
* operation throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller of the
* composed operation. If performing this operation throws an exception,
* the {@code after} operation will not be performed.
*
* @param after the operation to perform after this operation
* @return a composed {@code Consumer} that performs in sequence this
* operation followed by the {@code after} operation
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code after} is null
*/
default Consumer<T> andThen(Consumer<? super T> after) {
Objects.requireNonNull(after);
return (T t) -> { accept(t); after.accept(t); };
}
}示例
import java.util.function.Consumer;
class test {
/*
定义一个方法
方法的参数传递一个字符串的姓名
方法的参数传递Consumer接口,泛型使用String
可以使用Consumer接口消费字符串的姓名
*/
public static void method(String name, Consumer<String> con){
con.accept(name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//调用method方法,传递字符串,方法的另一个参数是Consumer接口,是一个函数式接口,所以可以传递Lambda表达式
method("I love china",(String s)->{
//对传递的字符串进行消费
//消费方式:直接输出字符串
//System.out.println(name);
//消费方式:把字符串转换为大写
String str = s.toUpperCase();
System.out.println(str);
});
}
}Predicate接口
有时候我们需要对某种类型的数据进行判断，从而得到一个boolean值结果。这时可以使用 java.util.function.Predicate<T> 接口。
package java.util.function;
import java.util.Objects;
/**
* Represents a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one argument.
*
* <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
* whose functional method is {@link #test(Object)}.
*
* @param <T> the type of the input to the predicate
*
* @since 1.8
*/
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Predicate<T> {
/**
* Evaluates this predicate on the given argument.
*
* @param t the input argument
* @return {@code true} if the input argument matches the predicate,
* otherwise {@code false}
*/
boolean test(T t);
/**
* Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
* AND of this predicate and another. When evaluating the composed
* predicate, if this predicate is {@code false}, then the {@code other}
* predicate is not evaluated.
*
* <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
* to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
* {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
*
* @param other a predicate that will be logically-ANDed with this
* predicate
* @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
* AND of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
* @throws NullPointerException if other is null
*/
default Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T> other) {
Objects.requireNonNull(other);
return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t);
}
/**
* Returns a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
* predicate.
*
* @return a predicate that represents the logical negation of this
* predicate
*/
default Predicate<T> negate() {
return (t) -> !test(t);
}
/**
* Returns a composed predicate that represents a short-circuiting logical
* OR of this predicate and another. When evaluating the composed
* predicate, if this predicate is {@code true}, then the {@code other}
* predicate is not evaluated.
*
* <p>Any exceptions thrown during evaluation of either predicate are relayed
* to the caller; if evaluation of this predicate throws an exception, the
* {@code other} predicate will not be evaluated.
*
* @param other a predicate that will be logically-ORed with this
* predicate
* @return a composed predicate that represents the short-circuiting logical
* OR of this predicate and the {@code other} predicate
* @throws NullPointerException if other is null
*/
default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) {
Objects.requireNonNull(other);
return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t);
}
/**
* Returns a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
* to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}.
*
* @param <T> the type of arguments to the predicate
* @param targetRef the object reference with which to compare for equality,
* which may be {@code null}
* @return a predicate that tests if two arguments are equal according
* to {@link Objects#equals(Object, Object)}
*/
static <T> Predicate<T> isEqual(Object targetRef) {
return (null == targetRef)
? Objects::isNull
: object -> targetRef.equals(object);
}
}示例
import java.util.function.Predicate;
/*
java.util.function.Predicate<T>接口
作用:对某种数据类型的数据进行判断,结果返回一个boolean值
Predicate接口中包含一个抽象方法：
boolean test(T t):用来对指定数据类型数据进行判断的方法
结果:
符合条件,返回true
不符合条件,返回false
*/
public class test {
/*
定义一个方法
参数传递一个String类型的字符串
传递一个Predicate接口,泛型使用String
使用Predicate中的方法test对字符串进行判断,并把判断的结果返回
*/
public static boolean checkString(String s, Predicate<String> pre){
return pre.test(s);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s = "hello";
boolean b = checkString(s,str->str.length()>5);
System.out.println(b);
}
}Function接口
java.util.function.Function<T,R> 接口用来根据一个类型的数据得到另一个类型的数据，前者称为前置条件， 后者称为后置条件
package java.util.function;
import java.util.Objects;
/**
* Represents a function that accepts one argument and produces a result.
*
* <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
* whose functional method is {@link #apply(Object)}.
*
* @param <T> the type of the input to the function
* @param <R> the type of the result of the function
*
* @since 1.8
*/
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function<T, R> {
/**
* Applies this function to the given argument.
*
* @param t the function argument
* @return the function result
*/
R apply(T t);
/**
* Returns a composed function that first applies the {@code before}
* function to its input, and then applies this function to the result.
* If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
* the caller of the composed function.
*
* @param <V> the type of input to the {@code before} function, and to the
* composed function
* @param before the function to apply before this function is applied
* @return a composed function that first applies the {@code before}
* function and then applies this function
* @throws NullPointerException if before is null
*
* @see #andThen(Function)
*/
default <V> Function<V, R> compose(Function<? super V, ? extends T> before) {
Objects.requireNonNull(before);
return (V v) -> apply(before.apply(v));
}
/**
* Returns a composed function that first applies this function to
* its input, and then applies the {@code after} function to the result.
* If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
* the caller of the composed function.
*
* @param <V> the type of output of the {@code after} function, and of the
* composed function
* @param after the function to apply after this function is applied
* @return a composed function that first applies this function and then
* applies the {@code after} function
* @throws NullPointerException if after is null
*
* @see #compose(Function)
*/
default <V> Function<T, V> andThen(Function<? super R, ? extends V> after) {
Objects.requireNonNull(after);
return (T t) -> after.apply(apply(t));
}
/**
* Returns a function that always returns its input argument.
*
* @param <T> the type of the input and output objects to the function
* @return a function that always returns its input argument
*/
static <T> Function<T, T> identity() {
return t -> t;
}
}示例
import java.util.function.Function;
/*
java.util.function.Function<T,R>接口用来根据一个类型的数据得到另一个类型的数据，
前者称为前置条件，后者称为后置条件。
Function接口中最主要的抽象方法为：R apply(T t)，根据类型T的参数获取类型R的结果。
使用的场景例如：将String类型转换为Integer类型。
*/
public class test {
/*
定义一个方法
方法的参数传递一个字符串类型的整数
方法的参数传递一个Function接口,泛型使用<String,Integer>
使用Function接口中的方法apply,把字符串类型的整数,转换为Integer类型的整数
*/
public static void change(String s, Function<String,Integer> fun){
//Integer in = fun.apply(s);
int in = fun.apply(s);//自动拆箱 Integer->int
System.out.println(in);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//定义一个字符串类型的整数
String s = "1234";
//调用change方法,传递字符串类型的整数,和Lambda表达式
change(s,(String str)->{
//把字符串类型的整数,转换为Integer类型的整数返回
return Integer.parseInt(str);
});
//优化Lambda
change(s,str->Integer.parseInt(str));
}
}