Java流的使用
3604字约12分钟
Java
2024-11-30

Stream概述
Stream将要处理的元素集合看作一种流,在流的过程中,借助Stream API对流中的元素进行操作,可以由数组或者集合创建,比如:筛选、排序、聚合等
Stream 可以由数组或集合创建,对流的操作访问两种:
中间操作,每次返回一个新的流,可以有多个。
终端操作,每个流只能进行一次终端操作,终端操作结束流无法再次使用。终端操作会产生一个新的集合或值。
Stream特性:
- stream不存储数据,而是按照特定的规则对数据进行计算,一般会输出结果。
- stream不会改变数据源,通常情况下会产生一个新的集合或值。
- stream具有延迟执行特性,只有调用终端操作时,中间操作才会执行。
Stream创建
Stream可以通过数组或集合创建。
- 通过
java.util.Collection.stream()
方法用集合创建流
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
// 创建一个顺序流
Stream<String> stream = list.stream();
// 创建一个并行流
Stream<String> parallelStream = list.parallelStream();
使用
java.util.Arrays.stream(T[] array)
方法用数组创建流int[] array={1,3,5,6,8}; IntStream stream = Arrays.stream(array);
使用
Stream
的静态方法:of()、iterate()、generate()
Stream<Integer> stream = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6); Stream<Integer> stream2 = Stream.iterate(0, (x) -> x + 3).limit(4); stream2.forEach(System.out::println); // 0 2 4 6 8 10 Stream<Double> stream3 = Stream.generate(Math::random).limit(3); stream3.forEach(System.out::println);
stream
和parallelStream
的简单区分: stream
是顺序流,由主线程按顺序对流执行操作,而parallelStream
是并行流,内部以多线程并行执行的方式对流进行操作,但前提是流中的数据处理没有顺序要求
遍历/匹配foreach/find/match
Stream
也是支持类似集合的遍历和匹配元素的,只是Stream
中的元素是以Optional
类型存在的。Stream
的遍历、匹配非常简单。
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 9, 3, 8, 2, 1);
// 遍历输出符合条件的元素
list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).forEach(System.out::println);
// 匹配第一个
Optional<Integer> findFirst = list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).findFirst();
// 匹配任意(适用于并行流)
Optional<Integer> findAny = list.parallelStream().filter(x -> x > 6).findAny();
// 是否包含符合特定条件的元素
boolean anyMatch = list.stream().anyMatch(x -> x < 6);
System.out.println("匹配第一个值:" + findFirst.get());
System.out.println("匹配任意一个值:" + findAny.get());
System.out.println("是否存在大于6的值:" + anyMatch);
}
}
筛选fillter
筛选,是按照一定的规则校验流中的元素,将符合条件的元素提取到新的流中的操作。
案例一:筛选出Integer
集合中大于7的元素,并打印出来
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(6, 7, 3, 8, 1, 2, 9);
Stream<Integer> stream = list.stream();
stream.filter(x -> x > 7).forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
案例二:筛选员工中工资高于8000的人,并形成新的集合。 形成新集合依赖collect
(收集)
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
List<String> fiterList = personList.stream().filter(x -> x.getSalary() > 8000).map(Person::getName)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.print("高于8000的员工姓名:" + fiterList);
}
}
聚合max/min/count
案例一:获取String
集合中最长的元素。
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("adnm", "admmt", "pot", "xbangd", "weoujgsd");
Optional<String> max = list.stream().max(Comparator.comparing(String::length));
System.out.println("最长的字符串:" + max.get());
}
}
案例二:获取Integer
集合中的最大值。
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 9, 4, 11, 6);
// 自然排序
Optional<Integer> max = list.stream().max(Integer::compareTo);
// 自定义排序
Optional<Integer> max2 = list.stream().max(new Comparator<Integer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
return o1.compareTo(o2);
}
});
System.out.println("自然排序的最大值:" + max.get());
System.out.println("自定义排序的最大值:" + max2.get());
}
}
案例三:获取员工工资最高的人。
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
Optional<Person> max = personList.stream().max(Comparator.comparingInt(Person::getSalary));
System.out.println("员工工资最大值:" + max.get().getSalary());
}
}
案例四:计算Integer
集合中大于6的元素的个数
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 4, 8, 2, 11, 9);
long count = list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).count();
System.out.println("list中大于6的元素个数:" + count);
}
}
映射map/flatMap
映射可以将一个流的元素按照一定的规则映射到另一个流中。分为map和flatMap:
- map:接收一个函数作为参数,该函数会被应用到每个元素上,并将其映射成一个新的元素。
- flatMap:接收一个函数作为参数,将流中的每个值都换成另一个流,然后把所有的流连接成一个流。
案例一:英文字符串数组的元素全部改为大写。整数数组每个元素+3。
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] strArr = { "abcd", "bcdd", "defde", "fTr" };
List<String> strList = Arrays.stream(strArr).map(String::toUpperCase).collect(Collectors.toList());
List<Integer> intList = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11);
List<Integer> intListNew = intList.stream().map(x -> x + 3).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("每个元素大写:" + strList);
System.out.println("每个元素+3:" + intListNew);
}
}
案例二:将员工的薪资全部增加1000。
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
// 不改变原来员工集合的方式
List<Person> personListNew = personList.stream().map(person -> {
Person personNew = new Person(person.getName(), 0, 0, null, null);
personNew.setSalary(person.getSalary() + 10000);
return personNew;
}).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("一次改动前:" + personList.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personList.get(0).getSalary());
System.out.println("一次改动后:" + personListNew.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary());
// 改变原来员工集合的方式
List<Person> personListNew2 = personList.stream().map(person -> {
person.setSalary(person.getSalary() + 10000);
return person;
}).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("二次改动前:" + personList.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary());
System.out.println("二次改动后:" + personListNew2.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary());
}
}
案例三:将两个字符数组合并成一个新的字符数组。
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("m,k,l,a", "1,3,5,7");
List<String> listNew = list.stream().flatMap(s -> {
// 将每个元素转换成一个stream
String[] split = s.split(",");
Stream<String> s2 = Arrays.stream(split);
return s2;
}).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("处理前的集合:" + list);
System.out.println("处理后的集合:" + listNew);
}
}
规约reduce
归约,也称缩减,顾名思义,是把一个流缩减成一个值,能实现对集合求和、求乘积和求最值操作。
案例一:求Integer
集合的元素之和、乘积和最大值。
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 8, 11, 4);
// 求和方式1
Optional<Integer> sum = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x + y);
// 求和方式2
Optional<Integer> sum2 = list.stream().reduce(Integer::sum);
// 求和方式3
Integer sum3 = list.stream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
// 求乘积
Optional<Integer> product = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x * y);
// 求最大值方式1
Optional<Integer> max = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x > y ? x : y);
// 求最大值写法2
Integer max2 = list.stream().reduce(1, Integer::max);
System.out.println("list求和:" + sum.get() + "," + sum2.get() + "," + sum3);
System.out.println("list求积:" + product.get());
System.out.println("list求和:" + max.get() + "," + max2);
}
}
案例二:求所有员工的工资之和和最高工资。
public class StreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
// 求工资之和方式1:
Optional<Integer> sumSalary = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).reduce(Integer::sum);
// 求工资之和方式2:
Integer sumSalary2 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (sum, p) -> sum += p.getSalary(),
(sum1, sum2) -> sum1 + sum2);
// 求工资之和方式3:
Integer sumSalary3 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (sum, p) -> sum += p.getSalary(), Integer::sum);
// 求最高工资方式1:
Integer maxSalary = personList.stream().reduce(0, (max, p) -> max > p.getSalary() ? max : p.getSalary(),
Integer::max);
// 求最高工资方式2:
Integer maxSalary2 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (max, p) -> max > p.getSalary() ? max : p.getSalary(),
(max1, max2) -> max1 > max2 ? max1 : max2);
System.out.println("工资之和:" + sumSalary.get() + "," + sumSalary2 + "," + sumSalary3);
System.out.println("最高工资:" + maxSalary + "," + maxSalary2);
}
}
收集
因为流不存储数据,那么在流中的数据完成处理之后,需要将流中的数据重新归集到新的集合里。toList,toSet,和toMap是比较常用的,另外还有toCollection,toConcurrentMap等一些复杂的用法。
归集(toList, toSet, toMap)
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 6, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 6, 20); List<Integer> listNew = list.stream().filter(x -> x % 2 == 0).collect(Collectors.toList()); Set<Integer> set = list.stream().filter(x -> x % 2 == 0).collect(Collectors.toSet()); List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York")); Map<?, Person> map = personList.stream().filter(p -> p.getSalary() > 8000) .collect(Collectors.toMap(Person::getName, p -> p)); System.out.println("toList:" + listNew); System.out.println("toSet:" + set); System.out.println("toMap:" + map); } }
统计(count/averaging)
- 计数:
count
- 平均值:
averagingInt
、averagingLong
、averagingDouble
- 最值:
maxBy
、minBy
- 求和:
summingInt
、summingLong
、summingDouble
- 统计以上所有:
summarizingInt
、summarizingLong
、summarizingDouble
案例:统计员工人数、平均工资、工资总额、最高工资。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington")); // 求总数 Long count = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.counting()); // 求平均工资 Double average = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.averagingDouble(Person::getSalary)); // 求最高工资 Optional<Integer> max = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).collect(Collectors.maxBy(Integer::compare)); // 求工资之和 Integer sum = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.summingInt(Person::getSalary)); // 一次性统计所有信息 DoubleSummaryStatistics collect = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.summarizingDouble(Person::getSalary)); System.out.println("员工总数:" + count); System.out.println("员工平均工资:" + average); System.out.println("员工工资总和:" + sum); System.out.println("员工工资所有统计:" + collect); } }
- 计数:
分组(partitioningBy/groupingBy)
- 分区:将
stream
按条件分为两个Map
,比如员工按薪资是否高于8000分为两部分。 - 分组:将集合分为多个Map,比如员工按性别分组。有单级分组和多级分组。
案例:将员工按薪资是否高于8000分为两部分;将员工按性别和地区分组
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, "female", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, "female", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, "female", "New York")); // 将员工按薪资是否高于8000分组 Map<Boolean, List<Person>> part = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(x -> x.getSalary() > 8000)); // 将员工按性别分组 Map<String, List<Person>> group = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getSex)); // 将员工先按性别分组,再按地区分组 Map<String, Map<String, List<Person>>> group2 = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getSex, Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getArea))); System.out.println("员工按薪资是否大于8000分组情况:" + part); System.out.println("员工按性别分组情况:" + group); System.out.println("员工按性别、地区:" + group2); } }
- 分区:将
接合joining
joining可以将stream中的元素用特定的连接符(没有的话,则直接连接)连接成一个字符串。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington")); String names = personList.stream().map(p -> p.getName()).collect(Collectors.joining(",")); System.out.println("所有员工的姓名:" + names); List<String> list = Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C"); String string = list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("-")); System.out.println("拼接后的字符串:" + string); } }
规约reducing
Collectors
类提供的reducing
方法,相比于stream
本身的reduce
方法,增加了对自定义归约的支持public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington")); // 每个员工减去起征点后的薪资之和(这个例子并不严谨,但一时没想到好的例子) Integer sum = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(0, Person::getSalary, (i, j) -> (i + j - 5000))); System.out.println("员工扣税薪资总和:" + sum); // stream的reduce Optional<Integer> sum2 = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).reduce(Integer::sum); System.out.println("员工薪资总和:" + sum2.get()); } }
排序sourted
- sorted():自然排序,流中元素需实现Comparable接口
- sorted(Comparator com):Comparator排序器自定义排序
案例:将员工按工资由高到低(工资一样则按年龄由大到小)排序
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); personList.add(new Person("Sherry", 9000, 24, "female", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 22, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Jack", 9000, 25, "male", "Washington")); personList.add(new Person("Lily", 8800, 26, "male", "New York")); personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 9000, 26, "female", "New York")); // 按工资增序排序 List<String> newList = personList.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary)).map(Person::getName) .collect(Collectors.toList()); // 按工资倒序排序 List<String> newList2 = personList.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary).reversed()) .map(Person::getName).collect(Collectors.toList()); // 先按工资再按年龄自然排序(从小到大) List<String> newList3 = personList.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary).reversed()) .map(Person::getName).collect(Collectors.toList()); // 先按工资再按年龄自定义排序(从大到小) List<String> newList4 = personList.stream().sorted((p1, p2) -> { if (p1.getSalary() == p2.getSalary()) { return p2.getAge() - p1.getAge(); } else { return p2.getSalary() - p1.getSalary(); } }).map(Person::getName).collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println("按工资自然排序:" + newList); System.out.println("按工资降序排序:" + newList2); System.out.println("先按工资再按年龄自然排序:" + newList3); System.out.println("先按工资再按年龄自定义降序排序:" + newList4); } }
提取/组合
流也可以进行合并、去重、限制、跳过等操作。
public class StreamTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] arr1 = { "a", "b", "c", "d" }; String[] arr2 = { "d", "e", "f", "g" }; Stream<String> stream1 = Stream.of(arr1); Stream<String> stream2 = Stream.of(arr2); // concat:合并两个流 distinct:去重 List<String> newList = Stream.concat(stream1, stream2).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList()); // limit:限制从流中获得前n个数据 List<Integer> collect = Stream.iterate(1, x -> x + 2).limit(10).collect(Collectors.toList()); // skip:跳过前n个数据 List<Integer> collect2 = Stream.iterate(1, x -> x + 2).skip(1).limit(5).collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println("流合并:" + newList); System.out.println("limit:" + collect); System.out.println("skip:" + collect2); } }
Collectors.toMap使用
使用规则
toMap(Function, Function)返回一个Collector,它将元素累积到一个Map中,其键和值是将提供的映射函数应用于输入的元素的结果。
当映射的键包含重复项,则在执行收集操作时会抛出IIIegalStateException。如果映射的键有重复项,可以用toMap(Function, Function, BinaryOperator)。
示例
实体类:
public class Student { private String id; private String name; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
使用示例:
public class test { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>(); Student student1 = new Student(); student1.setId("1"); student1.setName("cong"); Student student2 = new Student(); student2.setId("2"); student2.setName("pei"); Student student3 = new Student(); student3.setId("3"); student3.setName("tong"); list.add(student1); list.add(student2); list.add(student3); Map<String, Student> newList = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Student::getId, Function.identity())); System.out.println(newList); } }
结果:
key,Student实体的Map对应关系
当key存在重复的解决办法
Map<String, Student> newList = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Student::getId, Function.identity(), (oldValue, newValue) -> {newValue})); // 取最新的key
获得id和name对应关系用法
Map<String, Student> newList = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Student::getId, Student::getName, (oldValue, newValue) -> {newValue})); // 取最新的key